For individuals showing signs and symptoms that are consistent with eosinophilic esophagitis, doctors may conduct the following tests to confirm a diagnosis:

• Upper Endoscopy: A long tube containing a light and a camera is inserted through the mouth and down the esophagus. It is used to inspect the esophagus for inflammation and narrowing.

• Biopsy: Tissue is taken from the esophagus and examined to look for eosinophils.

• Esophageal Sponge: A test in which a capsule on a string is swallowed and once the capsule dissolves in the stomach, a sponge is released. The sponge will sample esophageal tissues and doctors can examine it for inflammation.

Although there is currently no known cure for EoE, treatment and medications can alleviate signs and symptoms.

Medication

• Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids help suppress inflammatory genes to reduce inflammation.

• Proton Pump Inhibitors: Proton pump inhibitors may help reduce acid production in the stomach.

• Monoclonal antibodies: can help block proteins that cause inflammation. Dupilumab (Dupixent) is a monoclonal antibody that was recently approved by the FDA for treatment of EoE in adults and children 12 years or older.

Diet Modifications

Some foods may make symptoms worse for people with EoE. It can be helpful to keep track of foods that are easier and more difficult to eat. Examples of diet modifications to help reduce the symptoms of EoE include:

• ‍Food test-directed elimination diets: The blood is tested for food sensitivities and these foods are removed from the diet.

• Six-food elimination diet (SFED): Diet to avoid the top 6 food allergens (wheat, milk, eggs, nuts, soy, fish/shellfish).

Feeding Tube

• People with EoE may require a feeding tube. Feeding tubes provide liquid nutrition to the body as an alternative to eating food.

Surgery

• ‍Esophageal dilation: A medical procedure in which doctors widen the esophagus.