Ulcerative Colitis (UC)

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine, also known as the colon, that affects the lining of the intestine and results in the formation of small sores, or ulcers. Ulcerative colitis is part of a group of conditions known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Abdominal cramps and pain

Diarrhea

Rectal pain and bleeding

Fatigue

Weight loss

Loose and urgent bowel movements

For individuals showing signs and symptoms that are consistent with ulcerative colitis, doctors may perform the following tests to confirm a diagnosis:

Endoscopic procedures
  • Colonoscopy: A procedure to look at the inside of the colon and rectum using a colonoscope, which is a long, flexible tube with a small video camera at the end.
  • Flexible Sigmoidoscopy: A procedure that involves inserting a sigmoidoscope, which is a thin, flexible tube, into the rectum to examine the lower portion of the large intestine.
Lab tests
  • Blood Tests: Can indicate whether you have signs of infection or have anemia, a disease in which there aren't enough red blood cells to carry enough oxygen to tissues.
  • Stool Tests: Can indicate whether white blood cells or certain proteins are present in your stool, both of which may be signs of ulcerative colitis. This test can also detect infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.

While there is no known cure for UC, various treatment options and medications are available that can reduce signs and symptoms.

Medications

Explore the following medications that can effectively help manage UC:

  • Aminosalicylates (5-ASA): This drug can be taken topically (via the rectum) or orally to reduce inflammation in the bowel lining.
  • Steroids: Steroids can help quickly reduce inflammation during a flare-up and can be taken orally, through an IV, or topically.
  • Immunosuppressants: Immunosuppressants slow your immune system to stop the immune response that is causing the colon and rectum to swell. These can be taken orally or by injection.
  • Biologic Medicines: Biologic medicines block parts of the immune system, reducing more severe inflammation. These can be taken through injection or an IV and can be used in combination with an immunosuppressant. Examples of biologics include, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, Entyvio (monoclonal antibody), and Stelara (IL-23 and IL-12 blocker).
  • Janus Kinase (JAK) Inhibitors: This is a medicine that blocks JAKs, which are proteins that activate the body’s immune response. These can be taken orally, usually for patients with moderate to severe UC.
Surgery

In some cases, surgery may be recommended for patients with UC to help alleviate symptoms. Below, you'll find information about a few surgery options for those with UC:

  • Proctocolectomy: Removal of the colon and rectum.
  • Proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (J-pouch surgery): The colon and rectum are removed, and an internal pouch is created, eliminating the need for a permanent external ostomy.
  • Proctocolectomy with end ileostomy: The colon, rectum, and anus are removed, and an end ileostomy is created to allow waste to exit the body into an external ostomy bag. Patients wear the ostomy bag and empty it several times per day.

These examples do not encompass all possibilities, as surgeons may do these procedures differently.

Diet and lifestyle changes could also be necessary for treatment

Some foods may make symptoms worse when the condition is active, but diet does not cause ulcerative colitis. Your doctor might suggest dietary changes depending on your symptoms, as well as vitamins and dietary supplements.

If you're interested in learning more about nutritional therapy for people with IBD, you can visit Nutritional Therapy for IBD Patient Pathway. This website is a resource for individuals with Crohn’s Disease and ulcerative colitis to help support healthy diet and lifestyle changes.

Learn More

Ongoing Research

More research into effective UC treatment options is critical. By taking part in research and clinical studies, you can assist other people who would benefit from advanced research and new treatments.

Current Research Studies

There are approximately 260 ulcerative colitis research studies that are actively recruiting participants. Visit Clinicaltrials.gov to find UC research studies near you.

Featured Study

Resources

Find an online community of fellow patients, caregivers, and advocates below
as well as some other general resources!

Achieving Remission from Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis
This group is a science-based group for people suffering from IBD and searching for evidence-based discussions regarding strategies to achieve remission.
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Ulcerative Colitis Support Group (Global)
The UC Support Group (Global) aims to help people with UC find a way to communicate and help one another by sharing information about how they deal with this condition.
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Reddit Group: r/UlcerativeColitis
A Reddit community for patients and caregivers affected by ulcerative colitis to share experiences and get support.
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Ulcerative Colitis
The Ulcerative Colitis group on Facebook is for people who have UC or are interested in learning more about the daily challenges of the disease.
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Girls With Guts
Girls With Guts is a nonprofit organization supporting women with inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s Disease and ulcerative colitis) and/or ostomies.
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Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation
The Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation is a nonprofit organization dedicated to finding cures for Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. They focus on improving the quality of life of children and adults affected by these diseases.
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Plenty and Well
Plenty and Well is a website created by Natalie Kelley who was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis in 2017. This website hosts information about Natalie's service called Path to Empowered Acceptance where she helps coach people on their chronic illness journeys. There is also other content on this website including Natalie's blog, podcast, recipes, and business coaching information.
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About IBD
On the About IBD podcast, Amber talks to caregivers and people living with IBD to share their journey. She also interviews healthcare providers and other experts to get their take on a variety of topics, such as IBD research, improving relationships with physicians, becoming a critical thinker, and how to get involved in healthcare activism.
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Mental Health and Emotional Well-being
Learn more about mental and emotional well-being and find resources for mental health support for those with IBD.
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Your Ultimate Online Guide for UC Support
Check out the ultimate online guide for UC support.
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Antibiotics Disrupt Protective Gut Mucus and Heighten IBD Risk
Read this article to learn about a study that uncovered important insights into how antibiotic use increases the risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Study Led by UChicago Medicine Physician Finds New Treatment for Ulcerative Colitis
Read this article to learn how a medication used for psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis is proving effective in treating moderate to severe ulcerative colitis, as found in a global study led by University of Chicago Medicine.
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