For individuals showing signs and symptoms that are consistent with multiple sclerosis, doctors may conduct the following tests to confirm a diagnosis:

• Blood Tests: Used to eliminate other conditions that have similar symptoms to MS and to identify indicators that are associated with MS.

• Spinal Tap (Lumbar Puncture): A needle is inserted into the spine to remove a portion of spinal fluid, which is then tested for infections or abnormalities in antibodies and immune cells.

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Detects lesions in the brain or spinal cord. Lesions are caused by damage to the myelin sheath surrounding the nerves.

• Neurological Examination: Checks for any abnormalities or weakness in vision, limb strength, speech, balance, coordination, walking, and reflexes.

• Evoked Potential Test: This test requires patients to watch visual patterns while electrodes are applied to measure the time it takes for information to travel down the nerve pathways.

Although there is no known cure for MS, treatments and medications can effectively reduce its signs and symptoms.

Treatment for Signs and Symptoms

Below are a few examples of treatment options for reducing some signs and symptoms of MS:

• Therapy: Physical therapy and occupational therapy can assist individuals with MS in building muscle strength and learning techniques to perform everyday tasks on their own.

• Muscle Relaxants and Sedatives: Muscle relaxants and sedatives can assist individuals with MS in alleviating muscle pain, stiffness, and spasticity that may occur.

• Treatment for Bladder Problems: Bladder issues may lead to bladder infections, hygiene problems, and kidney damage. Treatment for bladder issues could include diet changes or medications to help with bladder control.

• Medications to Reduce Fatigue: There are some medications that can help manage chronic fatigue for people with MS.

Treatment to Modify Progression

• Disease modifying therapies (DMTs) may be administered as oral medications, injections, or infusions. These are medications that are used to reduce the number and severity of MS relapses and to delay progression of the disease.
  

Treatment for MS Relapses

• A relapse is a flare-up of symptoms. If a patient is experiencing a current relapse, steroids like methylprednisolone (intravenous injections) or prednisone (pills) are used. Steroids can alleviate symptoms of a flare-up; however, they do not alter the course of the disease.